Container transportation is one of the most common and reliable cargo transportation methods in the modern logistics sector. This system, which forms the backbone of international trade, facilitates the transition between different modes of transportation (sea, road, rail) and ensures the safe, rapid, and economical transportation of cargo in standard containers. It offers operational efficiency and cost advantages, particularly for large-volume and international shipments, making it an ideal solution for both exporters and importers.

What is Container Transportation?

Container transportation is a logistics method widely preferred in international trade, enabling the safe and efficient transfer of high-volume cargo between different modes of transportation. This system, which allows for seamless transitions between modes such as sea, road, and rail, stands out with its time and cost advantages.

Thanks to standardized cargo units, products are transported without damage during handling, and the entire transportation process becomes more planned and traceable. With digitalized logistics infrastructures, container transportation has undergone a significant transformation in terms of monitoring, planning, and process management. An indispensable part of global supply chains, this method plays a critical role in sustainability and efficiency in today's transportation.

Advantages of Sea Container Transportation

With the growth of international trade volume, sea container transportation has gained a significant place in global logistics by offering both economical and sustainable solutions. The cost advantages it offers, especially for large-volume shipments over long distances, have made this method indispensable for logistics companies and exporters.

Below are the key advantages of sea container transportation:

• It provides the most economical transportation of large-volume cargo over long distances. It offers lower freight rates, particularly compared to road and air alternatives.
• It is suitable for bulk and large-scale shipments thanks to its capacity to carry thousands of tons of loads at a time.
• It is one of the lowest modes of transportation in terms of carbon emissions and is a top priority in sustainable logistics strategies.
• Transportation in closed and standard containers protects the cargo against external factors and minimizes the risk of damage.
• Maritime transport is less affected by weather conditions than flight cancellations or road closures, and voyages are more stable.
• Thanks to the worldwide port networks, regular and planned shipments can be made to many countries.
• Modern container tracking systems allow you to track every stage of your shipment, simplifying process management.

Standard Container Dimensions and Capacity Calculations

The most preferred container types for international transportation are the 20-foot and 40-foot containers. 20-foot containers offer an average volume of 33 cubic meters, while 40-foot containers have a carrying capacity of approximately 67 cubic meters. These dimensions allow for clear planning of the space and capacity used in transportation operations.

When calculating capacity, the weight of the cargo to be transported is also taken into account in addition to the container's volume. The effective utilization rate of the container can vary depending on the type, density, and packaging of the cargo. The weight limit is particularly decisive for heavy but low-volume items, while volumetric capacity is paramount for lightweight but high-volume items. Therefore, accurate capacity calculations both increase logistics efficiency and play a critical role in optimizing freight costs.

In addition to standard containers, there are also different container types available, such as high-volume (40' HC), refrigerated (reefer), and open-top (open-top). These alternatives should be evaluated based on the characteristics of the cargo to be transported.

FCL and LCL Load Models

In container shipping, how the cargo is placed within the container directly impacts the cost of transportation and the efficiency of the logistics process. There are two basic loading models. These are:

• FCL (Full Container Load)
• LCL (Less than Container Load)

FCL, or "full container load," refers to a shipper filling the entire container with their own cargo. This model is generally ideal for large-volume shipments destined for a single destination. Because the container is owned by a single company, the loading and unloading processes are more controlled, transit times are shortened, and product security is maximized. LCL, or "partial load," refers to the loading of a container with cargo from multiple shippers. This model is highly economical for companies that don't have enough cargo to fill the container but want to export or import. In LCL transportation, cargo is typically consolidated at consolidation centers and then resegregated at the destination. Both models have their own advantages and limitations. FCL offers advantages in terms of time and security, while LCL offers cost advantages for low-volume shipments. Therefore, it is crucial for shippers to choose the most suitable model by considering the volume of the cargo to be transported, delivery time, and budget to ensure a smooth logistics process.

 

When is LCL (Less-Than-Container Load) Preferred?

 

The LCL transportation model is an ideal solution for shippers who don't have a cargo volume large enough to fill an entire container. Small and medium-sized businesses and businesses handling retail shipments frequently choose this method. LCL makes it possible to share a single container with multiple shippers. LCL offers a significant economic advantage because transportation costs are covered only by the amount of the shipment. It reduces costs, particularly for seasonal or low-volume exports, while also providing flexible shipping options. LCL transportation should be preferred for shipments where delivery time is not critical and budget is a priority. It is also an ideal entry-level model for exporters looking to enter new markets with smaller shipments.

 

Container Types and Usage Areas

 

Container transportation requires the use of different container types depending on the type and needs of the cargo to be transported. Each container type is designed for a specific cargo profile and is classified according to criteria such as safe transportation, suitable temperature conditions, and special equipment requirements.

 

Reefer (Refrigerated) Containers

 

Reefer containers are used to transport temperature-controlled products. These containers can maintain temperatures between -30°C and +30°C. They are ideal for transporting food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical products. Reefer containers enhance the value of the goods transported by preserving their freshness and quality.

 

Open-Top Containers

 

Open-top containers, with their open tops, are used to transport high or bulky loads. The top can be covered with a tarpaulin. These containers offer advantages in loading and unloading by crane. Open-top containers are also preferred for transporting construction materials and large machinery.

 

Flat Rack & Platform Containers

 

Flat rack containers, with their sidewall-less structure, are used to transport large and heavy loads. These containers are particularly preferred for transporting construction materials and heavy machinery. Flat rack containers allow for easy loading and unloading of cargo and speed up the transport process.

 

ISO Tank Containers

 

ISO tank containers are used for transporting liquid and gaseous substances. These containers are manufactured in accordance with international standards and can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation. ISO tank containers ensure the safe and efficient transportation of chemicals.

 

Freight Calculation and Pricing Process

 

The freight calculation process is crucial for accurate transportation cost planning and efficient use of the logistics budget. Especially in international transportation, freight costs vary depending on many factors, including the shipment's volume, gross weight, transportation distance, the chosen mode of transportation (sea, road, rail, or air), and even the destination country's customs practices. In sea transportation, volumetric weight is generally used. This calculation method ensures a fair and accurate determination of transportation costs, especially for low-weight but high-volume cargo. External factors such as port fees, fuel prices, exchange rates, port congestion, and seasonal demand increases directly affect pricing when determining freight costs. Therefore, shippers should consider market conditions and timing, as well as cargo characteristics, when planning their transportation. Professional freight calculations prevent unexpected costs and contribute to more sustainable logistics operations.

 

Loading, Safety, and Insurance

 

Proper loading techniques, safety precautions, and appropriate insurance practices form the basis of a safe and trouble-free shipment in container transportation. Stabilizing cargo within the container reduces the risk of slipping, tipping, or impact during transport. Proper sorting and securing of products with support materials, especially those of varying weights, is crucial for both the cargo and the transport vehicle.

Even if all precautions are taken, the possibility of damage from external factors exists throughout the transportation process. Therefore, shippers are advised to insure their cargo against potential damage, loss, or delays. An appropriate insurance policy, tailored to the value of the cargo and the mode of transport, mitigates financial risks and ensures business continuity.

Proper loading and safe transportation practices not only prevent cost losses but also enhance customer satisfaction and corporate reputation for both the sender and the recipient. Therefore, every transportation operation should be planned and executed by expert teams.

 

Customs Clearance and Port Operations

 

Efficient customs clearance and port operations are key to a successful logistics process. Customs clearance involves completing the entry and exit of cargo between countries in accordance with legal requirements. During this process, factors such as the accuracy of declared documents, product classifications, and tax and duty calculations must be carefully managed. The rapid and smooth progress of customs procedures directly impacts overall delivery time and prevents delays.

Port operations, on the other hand, consist of comprehensive processes such as loading and unloading containers onto ships, their temporary storage, and the management of in-terminal shipments. These operations are carried out using high-tech equipment and experienced personnel. Increasing loading and unloading speed reduces vessel waiting times and contributes to lower overall freight costs.

The planned, integrated, and professional execution of both customs clearance and port operations ensures uninterrupted supply chain operation, more efficient use of logistics resources, and optimization of transportation costs.

 

Why Enco Logistics?

 

Enco Logistics combines modern transportation solutions with industry expertise to provide its customers with comprehensive, reliable, and sustainable logistics services. With its multimodal transportation infrastructure integrating road, sea, and rail transportation, Enco Logistics develops flexible logistics models that provide the most suitable routes and cost advantages for all types of cargo.

Enco Logistics supports you in managing your supply chain more efficiently by adhering to the principles of high cargo security, on-time delivery, and transparent communication in every shipment. With its extensive service network, experienced team, and robust infrastructure, Enco Logistics distinguishes itself not only with its transportation operations but also with its value-added services such as operational consulting, customs management, insurance solutions, and warehouse integration. Its customer-focused approach and continuously improving service quality give businesses a competitive edge and enable sustainable success in logistics.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

 

How is container tracking done?

 

Container tracking can be done using online systems offered by shipping companies or GPS technology.

 

How is sea freight calculated?

 

Sea freight is determined by the cargo's volumetric weight (m³), gross weight (kg), transportation distance, and the selected service type. The higher of the volumetric and actual weight is used in the freight calculation.

 

When should I choose between FCL and LCL?

 

If your shipment completely fills a container or requires individual shipment, FCL should be preferred. For smaller volumes, LCL is more suitable for cost sharing and flexibility.

 

What is the temperature range of a reefer container?

 

Reefer containers generally operate at temperatures between -30°C and +30°C. This range ensures the safe transport of food, pharmaceuticals, and sensitive products.

 

What should be considered when loading containers?

 

 

Loads should be placed evenly, secured with fastening systems, and not exceed the container's capacity. Furthermore, weight distribution should be even, and product packaging should be prepared appropriately for transport conditions.